The bottom bracket of a bicycle is the lynchpin that allows riders to pedal.
These components either screw or press into a frame to attach cranksets and enable them to spin. At first glance, a bottom bracket can seem like a pretty straightforward component. But as with seemingly every part of a modern bicycle, nothing could be farther from the truth.
In decades past, bottom brackets tended to be more uniform. Bike manufacturers almost exclusively made bikes with materials like steel and aluminum. With these materials, manufacturers could easily cut threads into a bottom bracket shell so the bottom bracket could screw directly into a frame.
However, this became a problem when carbon bikes arrived on the scene.
Carbon does not take well to threading, so manufacturers had to develop a new way to fit the bottom bracket to a bike. Some opted to create threaded inserts that bottom brackets could screw into.
Others went with a press-in option with no threading at all. So many brands addressed the issue separately that now there is a litany of bottom bracket standards that make the term “standard” almost laughable.
Threaded Bottom Bracket Standards

Threaded bottom brackets screw into threads in a bicycle’s frame.
Among the most common standards in the threaded bottom bracket category is the BSA, also known as the English (ENG) standard or ISO. The BSA standard uses 1.37 (34.8mm) x 24 threads per inch, with the non-drivetrain side of the bike threading counterclockwise while the drivetrain side tightens clockwise.
Many bikes made from aluminum or other metals use this option.


Press-Fit Standards



